Asm Handbook Volume 11 Failure Analysis — And Prevention..pdf

Introduction

B. Mechanisms of Failure

The handbook is organized into thematic sections that progress from fundamentals to applied casework:

• Optical and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
• Surface analysis (XPS, AES), spectroscopy, and chemical analysis methods.
• Mechanical testing (tensile, hardness, fracture toughness), non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques—ultrasonic, radiography, eddy current, and dye penetrant.
• Thermal analysis and residual stress measurement methods.